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<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:14.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>traceroute</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";color:black;vertical-align:sub'>traceroute</span></b><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";color:black;vertical-align:sub'>指令输出到目标主机的路由包。<span
lang=EN-US>Traceroute</span>跟踪从<span lang=EN-US>IP</span>网络到给定主机的路由数据包。它利用<span
lang=EN-US>IP</span>协议的生存时间<span lang=EN-US>(TTL)</span>字段，并试图在通往主机的路径上从每个网关激发<span
lang=EN-US>ICMP TIME_SUBERS</span>响应。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%;text-autospace:none'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";color:black;vertical-align:sub'>traceroute6</span></b><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";color:black;vertical-align:sub'>等价于“<b><span
lang=EN-US>traceroute -6</span></b>”</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%;text-autospace:none'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";color:black;vertical-align:sub'>唯一需要的参数是目标主机的名称或<span
lang=EN-US>IP</span>地址。探测数据包的总大小<span lang=EN-US>(IPv 4</span>默认为<span
lang=EN-US>60</span>字节，<span lang=EN-US>IPv 6</span>为<span lang=EN-US>80</span>字节<span
lang=EN-US>)</span>是一个可选参数。在某些情况下，可以忽略指定的大小或将其增加到最小值。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%;text-autospace:none'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";color:black;vertical-align:sub'>该程序试图跟踪<span
lang=EN-US>IP</span>数据包将遵循的路由到某些<span lang=EN-US>Internet</span>主机，方法是使用一个小的<span
lang=EN-US>ttl(</span>生命时间<span lang=EN-US>)</span>启动探测包，然后从网关侦听<span
lang=EN-US>ICMP“</span>时间超过<span lang=EN-US>”</span>的答复。我们以<span lang=EN-US>1</span>开头，然后增加<span
lang=EN-US>1</span>，直到我们得到一个<span lang=EN-US>ICMP“</span>端口不可达<span lang=EN-US>”(</span>或<span
lang=EN-US>TCP</span>重置<span lang=EN-US>)</span>，这意味着我们到达了<span lang=EN-US>“</span>主机<span
lang=EN-US>”</span>，或者达到了最大值<span lang=EN-US>(</span>默认为<span lang=EN-US>30</span>跳<span
lang=EN-US>)</span>。在每个<span lang=EN-US>ttl</span>设置处发送三个探针<span lang=EN-US>(</span>默认情况下<span
lang=EN-US>)</span>，并打印一行，显示每个探针的<span lang=EN-US>ttl</span>、网关地址和往返时间。在请求时，可以在地址之后添加其他信息。如果探测答案来自不同的网关，则将打印每个响应系统的地址。如果在<span
lang=EN-US>5.0</span>秒<span lang=EN-US>(</span>默认<span lang=EN-US>)</span>内没有响应，则会为该探针打印一个<span
lang=EN-US>“*”(</span>星号<span lang=EN-US>)</span>。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%;text-autospace:none'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";color:black;vertical-align:sub'>追踪结束后，可以打印一些附加注释：！<span
lang=EN-US>h</span>、！<span lang=EN-US>n</span>或！<span lang=EN-US>P(</span>主机、网络或协议不可达<span
lang=EN-US>)</span>、！<span lang=EN-US>s(</span>源路由失败<span lang=EN-US>)</span>、！<span
lang=EN-US>F(</span>所需碎片化<span lang=EN-US>)</span>、！<span lang=EN-US>X(</span>管理上禁止通信<span
lang=EN-US>)</span>、！<span lang=EN-US>v(</span>主机优先级冲突<span lang=EN-US>)</span>、！<span
lang=EN-US>C(</span>有效的优先截止<span lang=EN-US>)</span>，或！<span lang=EN-US>&lt;num&gt;(ICMP</span>不可达代码<span
lang=EN-US>&lt;num&gt;)</span>。如果几乎所有的探测器都导致某种无法到达的情况，<span lang=EN-US>Traceroute</span>就会放弃并退出。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%;text-autospace:none'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";color:black;vertical-align:sub'>我们不希望目标主机处理<span
lang=EN-US>UDP</span>探测包，因此目标端口被设置为一个不太可能的值<span lang=EN-US>(</span>您可以使用<span
lang=EN-US>-p</span>标志更改它<span lang=EN-US>)</span>。<span lang=EN-US>ICMP</span>或<span
lang=EN-US>TCP</span>跟踪不存在这样的问题<span lang=EN-US>(</span>对于<span lang=EN-US>TCP</span>，我们使用半开放技术，这样可以防止目标主机上的应用程序看到我们的探测<span
lang=EN-US>)</span>。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%;text-autospace:none'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";color:black;vertical-align:sub'>在现代网络环境下，由于防火墙的广泛应用，传统的<span
lang=EN-US>traceroute</span>方法并不总是适用的。这样的防火墙过滤<span lang=EN-US>“</span>不太可能<span
lang=EN-US>”</span>的<span lang=EN-US>UDP</span>端口，甚至<span lang=EN-US>ICMP</span>回音。为了解决这个问题，还实现了一些额外的跟踪方法</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=left style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;
text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%;text-autospace:none'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei";color:black;vertical-align:sub'>此命令的适用范围：<span
lang=EN-US>RedHat</span>、<span lang=EN-US>RHEL</span>、<span lang=EN-US>Ubuntu</span>、<span
lang=EN-US>CentOS</span>、<span lang=EN-US>SUSE</span>、<span lang=EN-US>openSUSE</span>、<span
lang=EN-US>Fedora</span>。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-36.0pt;
line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>2、<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></b><b><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>语法</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>traceroute [-46dFITUnreAV]  [-f
first_ttl]  [-g gate,…]  [-i device]  [-m max_ttl]  [-p port]  [-s src_addr]</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:90.0pt;line-height:200%'><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>[-q nqueries]  [-N squeries] 
[-t tos]  [-l flow_label]  [-w waittime]  [-z sendwait]</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:90.0pt;line-height:200%'><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>[-UL]  [-P proto]  [--sport=port] 
[-M method]  [-O mod_options]  [--mtu]  [--back]  host  [packet_len]</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>2</span></b><b><span style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>、选项列表</span></b></p>

<table class=MsoTableGrid border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="95%"
 style='width:95.0%;margin-left:24.1pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  background:#E7E6E6;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>选项</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-left:none;background:#E7E6E6;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>说明</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>--help</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>显示帮助信息</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-V | --version</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>显示版本信息</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-4 | -6</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>显式强制<span
  lang=EN-US>IPv4</span>或<span lang=EN-US>IPv6</span>跟踪。默认情况下，程序将尝试解析给定的名称，并自动选择适当的协议。如果解析主机名同时返回<span
  lang=EN-US>ipv4</span>和<span lang=EN-US>ipv6</span>地址，<span lang=EN-US>traceroute</span>将使用<span
  lang=EN-US>ipv4</span>。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-I</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>使用<span
  lang=EN-US>ICMP</span>进行路由探测</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-T</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>使用<span
  lang=EN-US>TCP</span>协议的<span lang=EN-US>SYN</span>进行路由探测</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-d</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>是能<span
  lang=EN-US>socket</span>调试功能</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-f </span></b><u><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>first_ttl</span></u></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>指定第一个数据包的<span
  lang=EN-US>TTL</span>，默认是<span lang=EN-US>1</span></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-F</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>不使用碎片</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-g </span></b><u><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>gateway</span></u></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>告诉<span
  lang=EN-US>Traceroute</span>将<span lang=EN-US>IP</span>源路由选项添加到传出数据包，该数据包通知网络通过指定网关路由数据包<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>大多数路由器出于安全原因禁用了源路由<span lang=EN-US>)</span>。通常，允许多个网关<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>逗号分隔<span lang=EN-US>)</span>。对于<span lang=EN-US>IPv 6</span>，<span
  lang=EN-US>num</span>，<span lang=EN-US>addr</span>，<span lang=EN-US>addr.</span>允许使用，其中<span
  lang=EN-US>num</span>是路由标头类型<span lang=EN-US>(</span>默认为类型<span lang=EN-US>2)</span>。注意，<span
  lang=EN-US>0</span>类型的路由头现在已不再推荐使用<span lang=EN-US>(Rfc 5095) </span></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-i </span></b><u><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>interface</span></u></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>指定网络接口</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-m </span></b><u><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>max_ttl</span></u></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>指定最大<span
  lang=EN-US>ttl</span>，默认<span lang=EN-US>30</span></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-N </span></b><u><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>squeries</span></u></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>指定同时发送的探测数据包的数量。同时发送几个探针可以大大加快示踪速度。默认值为<span
  lang=EN-US>16</span>。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-n</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>使用<span
  lang=EN-US>ip</span>地址，不使用<span lang=EN-US>hostname</span></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-p </span></b><u><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>port</span></u></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>指定<span
  lang=EN-US>UDP</span>端口</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-t </span></b><u><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>tos</span></u></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>对于<span
  lang=EN-US>IPv 4</span>，设置服务类型<span lang=EN-US>(TOS)</span>和优先级值。有用的值是<span
  lang=EN-US>16(</span>低延迟<span lang=EN-US>)</span>和<span lang=EN-US>8(</span>高吞吐量<span
  lang=EN-US>)</span>。注意，为了使用一些<span lang=EN-US>TOS</span>优先级值，您必须是超级用户。对于<span
  lang=EN-US>IPv 6</span>，设置流量控制值。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-w </span></b><u><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>waittime</span></u></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>指定等待应答的时间，默认<span
  lang=EN-US>5s</span></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-q </span></b><u><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>nqueries</span></u></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>设置每个跳的探测数据包数。默认为<span
  lang=EN-US>3</span></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-r</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>忽略正常的路由表</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-s</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>指定发送数据包的<span
  lang=EN-US>ip</span>地址</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-z</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>探测之间的最小时间间隔<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>默认为<span lang=EN-US>0)</span>。如果值大于<span lang=EN-US>10</span>，则它指定一个以毫秒为单位的数字，否则为秒数<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>浮点值也允许<span lang=EN-US>)</span>。当某些路由器对<span lang=EN-US>icmp</span>消息使用速率限制时非常有用。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-e</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>显示<span
  lang=EN-US>ICMP</span>扩展<span lang=EN-US>(Rfc 4884)</span>。一般形式是类<span
  lang=EN-US>/</span>类型：后面是十六进制转储。<span lang=EN-US>MPLS(Rfc 4950)</span>以一种形式显示出来“<b><span
  lang=EN-US>MPLS:L=label,E=exp_use,S=stack_bottom,T=TTL</span></b>”</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-A</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>在路由注册表中执行路径查找，并在相应地址之后直接打印结果。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;background:#E7E6E6;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>高级选项</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  background:#E7E6E6;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>--sport=</span></b><u><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>port</span></u></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>选择要使用的源端口</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-M </span></b><u><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>method</span></u></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>对<span
  lang=EN-US>traceroute</span>操作使用指定的方法。默认的传统<span lang=EN-US>UDP</span>方法有名称<span
  lang=EN-US>Default</span>，<span lang=EN-US>ICMP(-I)</span>和<span lang=EN-US>TCP(-T)</span>分别有<span
  lang=EN-US>ICMP</span>和<span lang=EN-US>TCP</span>。特定于方法的选项可以通过<span
  lang=EN-US>-O</span>传递。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-O </span></b><u><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>option</span></u></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>指定一些特定于方法的选项。几个选项用逗号分隔<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>或在<span lang=EN-US>cmdline</span>上使用多个<span lang=EN-US>-O)</span>。每种方法都可能有自己的特定选项，或者许多方法根本没有它们</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-U</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>使用<span
  lang=EN-US>UDP</span>对特定的目标端口进行跟踪<span lang=EN-US>(</span>而不是增加每个探针的端口<span
  lang=EN-US>)</span>。默认端口为<span lang=EN-US>53(DNS)</span></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-UL</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>使用<span
  lang=EN-US>UDPLITE</span>追踪</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>-P </span></b><u><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>protocol</span></u></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>使用指定协议的原始数据包进行跟踪。默认协议为<span
  lang=EN-US>253(Rfc 3692)</span>。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>--mtu</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>沿着被追踪的路径发现<span
  lang=EN-US>MTU</span></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>--back</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>打印后跳数时，它似乎与前进方向不同。在假定远程跳发送初始<span
  lang=EN-US>ttl</span>设置为<span lang=EN-US>64</span>、<span lang=EN-US>128</span>或<span
  lang=EN-US>255(</span>这似乎是一种常见的做法<span lang=EN-US>)</span>的情况下，猜测了这个数字。它以<span
  lang=EN-US>“-NUM”</span>的形式打印为否定值。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>3</span></b><b><span style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>、可用的方法<span lang=EN-US>method</span></span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>通常，特定的<span lang=EN-US>traceroute</span>方法可能必须由<span
lang=EN-US>-M</span>名称来选择，但是大多数方法都有它们简单的命令行开关<span lang=EN-US>(</span>如果存在，您可以在方法名称之后看到它们<span
lang=EN-US>)</span>。</span></p>

<table class=MsoTableGrid border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="95%"
 style='width:95.0%;margin-left:24.1pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  background:#E7E6E6;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>method</span></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-left:none;background:#E7E6E6;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>说明</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>default</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>传统的、古老的追踪方法。默认使用。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>探测包是具有所谓<span
  lang=EN-US>“</span>不可能<span lang=EN-US>”</span>目标端口的<span lang=EN-US>UDP</span>数据报。第一个探针的<span
  lang=EN-US>“</span>不可能<span lang=EN-US>”</span>端口是<span lang=EN-US>33434</span>，然后每个下一个探针的端口增加一个。由于预期端口未使用，目标主机通常返回<span
  lang=EN-US>“ICMP</span>不可访问端口<span lang=EN-US>”</span>作为最终响应。<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>但是，没有人知道当某些应用程序侦听这样的端口时会发生什么<span lang=EN-US>)</span>。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>这个方法普通用户就可以使用。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>icmp       -I</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>目前最常用的方法是使用<span
  lang=EN-US>ICMP</span>回波数据包作为探针。如果您可以<span lang=EN-US>ping(8)</span>目标主机，则<span
  lang=EN-US>icmp</span>跟踪也适用。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>tcp        -T</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>众所周知的现代方法，旨在绕过防火墙。使用常量目标端口<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>默认为<span lang=EN-US>80</span>，<span lang=EN-US>http)</span>。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>如果网络路径中存在一些过滤器，那么很可能任何<span
  lang=EN-US>“</span>不太可能<span lang=EN-US>”</span>的<span lang=EN-US>UDP</span>端口<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>对于默认方法而言<span lang=EN-US>)</span>或甚至<span lang=EN-US>ICMP</span>回波<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>对于<span lang=EN-US>ICMP)</span>都会被过滤，并且整个跟踪只会在这样的防火墙上停止。要绕过网络过滤器，我们必须只使用允许的协议<span
  lang=EN-US>/</span>端口组合。如果我们追踪一些，比如说，邮件服务器，那么更有可能“<b><span lang=EN-US>-T –p 25</span></b>”可以到达它，即使<span
  lang=EN-US>-</span>我不能。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>这种方法使用了众所周知的<span
  lang=EN-US>“</span>半开放技术<span lang=EN-US>”</span>，它可以防止目标主机上的应用程序看到我们的探测。通常，发送<span
  lang=EN-US>TCP syn</span>。对于未被监听的端口，我们接收<span lang=EN-US>TCP</span>重置，一切都完成了。对于活动侦听端口，我们接收<span
  lang=EN-US>TCP syn ack</span>，但通过<span lang=EN-US>TCP</span>重置<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>而不是预期的<span lang=EN-US>TCP ack)</span>应答，这样即使应用程序从未注意到，远程<span
  lang=EN-US>TCP</span>会话也会被删除。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>这个方法有以下的一些选项，默认的是<b><span
  lang=EN-US>syn</span></b>、<b><span lang=EN-US>sysctl</span></b></span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>syn,ack,fin,rst,psh,urg,ece,cwr</span></b><span
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>，在任意组合中为探测包设置指定的<span lang=EN-US>tcp</span>标志。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>flags</span></b><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>=<u>num</u></span><span
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>，将<span lang=EN-US>TCP</span>标头中的标志字段设置为<u><span
  lang=EN-US>num</span></u>。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>ecn</span></b><span style='font-family:
  "Microsoft YaHei"'>，发送带有<span lang=EN-US>TCP</span>标志<span lang=EN-US>ECA</span>和<span
  lang=EN-US>CWR</span>的<span lang=EN-US>syn</span>数据包<span lang=EN-US>(</span>用于显式拥塞通知，<span
  lang=EN-US>rfc 3168)</span></span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>sack,timestamps,window_scaling</span></b><span
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>，在传出探测包中使用相应的<span lang=EN-US>tcp</span>标头选项。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>sysctl</span></b><span
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>，对上面的<span lang=EN-US>TCP</span>头选项和<b><span
  lang=EN-US>ecn</span></b>使用当前<span lang=EN-US>sysctl(</span>“<span
  lang=EN-US>/proc/sys/net/*</span>”<span lang=EN-US>)</span>设置。默认情况下始终设置，如果没有其他指定的话</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>mss</span></b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>=<u>num</u></span><span
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>，对<span lang=EN-US>maxseg tcp</span>报头选项使用<u><span
  lang=EN-US>num</span></u>值<span lang=EN-US>(</span>当<span lang=EN-US>syn)</span></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>tcpconn</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>TCP</span><span style='font-family:
  "Microsoft YaHei"'>方法的初始实现，简单使用<span lang=EN-US>CONNECT(2)</span>调用，完成<span
  lang=EN-US>TCP</span>会话的完全打开</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>udp       -U</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>使用带有常量目标端口的<span
  lang=EN-US>UDP</span>数据报<span lang=EN-US>(</span>默认为<span lang=EN-US>53</span>，<span
  lang=EN-US>DNS)</span>。也打算绕过防火墙。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>注意，与<span
  lang=EN-US>TCP</span>方法不同的是，目标主机上的相应应用程序总是接收我们的探测<span lang=EN-US>(</span>带有随机数据<span
  lang=EN-US>)</span>，而且大多数都很容易被它们混淆。但是，大多数情况下，它不会响应我们的数据包，因此我们永远不会看到跟踪中的最后一跳。<span
  lang=EN-US>(</span>幸运的是，似乎至少<span lang=EN-US>DNS</span>服务器会以愤怒的方式回复<span
  lang=EN-US>)</span>。</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>此方法不需要特权。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>udplite   -UL</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>对探针使用<span
  lang=EN-US>udplite</span>数据报<span lang=EN-US>(</span>具有固定的目标端口，默认为<span
  lang=EN-US>53)</span>，此方法不需要特权。选项：</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>coverage</span></b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>=<u>num</u></span><span
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>，设置<span lang=EN-US>udplite</span>范围<u><span
  lang=EN-US>num</span></u>。</span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
  <td width="28%" valign=top style='width:28.58%;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>raw       -P proto</span></b></p>
  </td>
  <td width="71%" valign=top style='width:71.42%;border-top:none;border-left:
  none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>发送协议原始数据包。选项：</span></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>protocol</span></b><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>=<u>proto</u></span><span
  style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>，使用<span lang=EN-US>IP</span>协议<span
  lang=EN-US>Proto(</span>默认<span lang=EN-US>253)</span></span></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>4</span></b><b><span style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>、说明</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>为了加速工作，通常同时发送几个探测器。另一方面，它制造了一个<span
lang=EN-US>“</span>包裹风暴<span lang=EN-US>”</span>，特别是在回复方向。路由器可以节流<span
lang=EN-US>ICMP</span>响应的速率，有些应答可能会丢失。为了避免这种情况，减少同步探测的数量，甚至将其设置为<span
lang=EN-US>1(</span>类似于最初的<span lang=EN-US>traceroute</span>实现<span lang=EN-US>)</span>，即<span
lang=EN-US>-N1</span>。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>最终<span lang=EN-US>(</span>目标<span
lang=EN-US>)</span>主机可以丢弃一些同时进行的探测，甚至可能只回答最新的探测。它可以导致额外的<span lang=EN-US>“</span>看上去像过期<span
lang=EN-US>”</span>啤酒花接近最后一跳。我们使用智能算法来自动检测这种情况，但如果在您的情况下它无法帮助，只需使用<span
lang=EN-US>-N1</span>。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>为了获得更好的稳定性，您可以通过<span lang=EN-US>-z</span>选项来减缓程序的工作速度，例如，在探测之间使用“<b><span
lang=EN-US>-z 0.5</span></b>”进行半秒暂停。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>如果有些跳对每种方法都没有任何报告，那么获得某些信息的最后机会是使用“<b><span
lang=EN-US>ping -R</span></b>”命令<span lang=EN-US>(ipv4</span>，并且仅对最近的<span
lang=EN-US>8</span>跳<span lang=EN-US>)</span>。</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>5</span></b><b><span style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>、实例</span></b></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:200%'><span
style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>追踪到<span lang=EN-US>baidu</span>的路由信息</span></p>

<table class=a0 border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width="95%"
 style='width:95.0%;margin-left:24.1pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none'>
 <tr style='height:14.9pt'>
  <td width=836 valign=top style='width:836.15pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
  background:#E7E6E6;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:14.9pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>[root@localhost
  ~]# <b>ping www.baidu.com -c 1                         //ping</b></span></code><code><b><span
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>目标，得到</span></b></code><code><b><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>ip</span></b></code><code><b><span
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:DengXian'>地址</span></b></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>PING
  www.a.shifen.com (111.13.100.91) 56(84) bytes of data.</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>&nbsp;</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>[root@localhost
  ~]# <b>traceroute -n </b></span></code><span lang=EN-US><a
  href="http://www.baidu.com"><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:
  200%;font-family:Menlo'>www.baidu.com</span></b></a></span><code><b><span
  lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>                  
  //</span></b></code><code><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;
  font-family:DengXian'>追踪路由</span></b></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>traceroute to
  www.baidu.com (111.13.100.92), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'> 1  192.168.1.1 
  4.124 ms  3.936 ms  3.882 ms</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'> 2  10.46.80.1 
  8.917 ms  9.238 ms  9.233 ms</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'> 3 
  183.203.226.201  12.855 ms  12.788 ms  12.802 ms</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'> 4 
  221.180.30.197  12.792 ms 221.180.30.45  12.776 ms  12.762 ms</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'> 5 
  221.183.47.225  13.526 ms  13.363 ms  13.259 ms</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'> 6 
  221.183.37.249  26.798 ms  23.556 ms  26.832 ms</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'> 7  * * *</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'> 8 
  111.13.98.101  20.569 ms  20.460 ms 111.13.98.93  24.463 ms</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'> 9  111.13.98.93 
  27.215 ms 111.13.98.101  20.895 ms 111.13.112.53  26.946 ms</span></code></p>
  <p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><code><span lang=EN-US
  style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Menlo'>10  111.13.108.5 
  24.136 ms 111.13.112.57  23.754 ms 111.13.112.61  23.712 ms </span></code></p>
  </td>
 </tr>
</table>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:200%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
"Microsoft YaHei"'>&nbsp;</span></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:200%'><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"'>Copyright@david  zhytwj2018@163.com</span></p>

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